The causes effects and the mediation roles of major actors in the Russian-Ukraine conflict

Abstract

This paper explores major actors' causes, effects, and mediation roles in the Russian-Ukraine conflict. The causes are rooted in historical, political, and territorial disputes, with Russia’s opposition to Ukraine's Western alignment playing a central role. The conflict has led to devastating humanitarian, economic, and geopolitical consequences, affecting not only Ukraine and Russia but also global markets and international relations. The paper also examines the efforts of key actors, including the United Nations, the European Union, the United States, and other international players, in mediating the conflict through diplomacy, sanctions, and humanitarian assistance. Through this analysis, the paper examined the complexity of the conflict and the challenges of achieving peace. This paper concluded that the conflict, which is still ongoing, has heralded dire economic consequences not just in the conflict zone but to the entire globe Africa and Asia are most affected because both countries are net exporters of food, petroleum products, fertilizers, and Steel to several countries of the world. The paper recommended, among others, that the unilateral sanctions on Russia by the United Nations and other international actors will further worsen the conflict and impede the resolution process and that the United Nations should step down its sanctions and mediation roles and allow states with relatively neutral posture to mediate between Russia and Ukraine with a viewing to achieving rapprochement