Perbandingan Aktifitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol, Ekstrak Etil Asetat, dan Ekstrak n-Heksan Daun Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Abstrak

Background: Sambung nyawa is one of the plants that have antibacterial properties, among the plant parts used are the leaves. Antibacterial compounds contained in the sambung nyawa leaves are flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Plant active compounds can be extracted using a solvent that is suitable for the desired compound polarity.

Objective: To compare the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-hexane extract of sambung nyawa leaves against Escherichia coli bacteria.

Method: This type of research is experimental research. Sambung nyawa leaves were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents, then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Then the antibacterial activity was tested using the agar diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibitor against E. coli at various extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.

Results: Measurement of the diameter of the inhibition of the leaf extract of sambung nyawa against E. coli showed that the ethanol extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% had an average inhibitory diameter of 6.75 mm, 7.75 mm, 8.25 mm, 9.5 mm, respectively. In succession, the ethyl acetate extract had an average inhibitory diameter of 8.25 mm, 9.95 mm, 10.05 mm, and 11.75 mm mm, and the n-hexane extract had an average inhibitory diameter of 0 mm.

Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of the sambung nyawa leaf had the greatest bacterial activity compared to the ethanol and n-hexane extracts. The diameter of the highest inhibition zone was 9.5 mm in the ethanol extract which was in the medium strength category and the ethyl acetate extract with the highest inhibition zone of 11.75 mm was the strong strength category.

Keywords: Sambung nyawa leaves, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, Escherichia coli