Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol 70% Batang Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dengan Metode DPPH

Abstract

Background: Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress, causing oxidative damage to cells, tissues, organs, which accelerates aging and causes various diseases. Therefore, compounds are needed that can reduce the negative effects of free radicals, namely antioxidants. There are many compounds in plants that can be used to protect the body from the dangers of free radicals, one of which is patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract of patchouli stem (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazyl) method.

Method: Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The test began with phytochemical screening with color reagent test and antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract of patchouli stems carried out using the DPPH method which was measured using Uv-Vis spectrophotometry with various concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm.

Results: The results of the phytochemical identification of the 70% ethanol extract of patchouli stems showed that the sample contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds. While testing the antioxidant activity of the 70% ethanol extract of patchouli stems had strong antioxidant activity, the average IC₅₀ value of three replications was 96,524 ppm and vitamin C as a positive control had very strong antioxidant activity, which resulted in an average IC₅₀ value of three replication of 4,035 ppm.

Conclusion: Based on the results it was found that 70% ethanol extract of patchouli stems had weaker antioxidant activity compared to vitamin C.

Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Patchouli Ethanol Extract, Secondary Metabolites