Determinan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Anak

Authors

  • Saraswati Haylian Chiani STKIP Paracendekia NW Sumbawa
  • Bambang Irawan Akademi Kebidanan Harapan Bunda Bima
  • Windatania Mayasari Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Maluku Husada Ambon
  • Bening Prawita Sari Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
  • Zahratul Hayati Akademi Kebidanan Surya Mandiri Bima
  • Furqanul Hakim STKIP Paracendekia NW Sumbawa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i2.3089

Abstract

Abstrak

Angka prevalensi stunting di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat saat ini masih tercatat sebesar 33,5%. Angka tersebut menunjukkan adanya penurunan jika dibandingkan tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Namun angka tersebut masih diatas angka Nasional sebesar 29,6%. Salah satu Kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi NTB yaitu Kabupaten Dompu mencatat angka kejadian stunting pada anak usia 0-59 bulan per puskesmas pada tahun 2019 yaitu sebesar 2.464 (29.19%), tahun 2020 sebesar 3.011 (18.72%) dan pada tahun 2021 sebesar 3.120 (14.30%). Angka ini tergolong tinggi untuk wilayah kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi NTB. Kejadian stunting pada anak disebabkan oleh banyak faktor antara lain faktor makanan, kesehatan, perawatan, sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Berdasarkan data dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya maka perlu adanya dilakukan penelitian tentang Determinan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Anak.  Adapun determinan yang akan diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah pendidikan ibu, pendapatan orangtua dan pemberian MP ASI. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian analitik observasional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua anak yang memiliki usia 6-23 bulan yang tinggal di 3 wilayah puskesmas sasaran yaitu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Soriutu, Dompu Barat dan Dompu Timur sebanyak 1.837 anak. Sementara untuk sampel penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 200 responden dengan menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu Acidental Sampling. Adapun hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah ada pengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung antara pendidikan ibu (OR= 0.06; CI 95%= 0.03 hingga 0.15; p= <0.001), pendapatan orangtua (OR= 0.02; CI 95%= 0.00 hingga 0.08; p= <0.001) dan pemberian MP-ASI (OR= 0.07; CI 95%= 0.03 hingga 0.16; p= <0.001) terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak sehingga perlu adanya kerjasama dan dukungan baik dari orangtua, keluarga, pemerintah dan atenaga kesehatan untuk dapat segera mengatasi permasalahan stunting yang ada di Kabupaten Dompu khususnya dan Indonesia pada umumnya.

Kata Kunci: Determinan, Stunting, Anak

 

Abstract

The prevalence of stunting in West Nusa Tenggara Province is currently still recorded at 33.5%. This figure shows a decrease when compared to previous years. However, this figure is still above the national figure of 29.6%. One of the regencies in NTB Province, namely Dompu Regency, recorded the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-59 months for  each Public Health Centre  in 2019 which was 2,464 (29.19%), in 2020 it was 3,011 (18.72%) and in 2021 it was 3,120 ( 14.30%). This figure is relatively high for the district in the province of NTB. The incidence of stunting in children is caused by many factors including food, health, care, social, economic and political factors. Based on the data and results of previous studies, it is necessary to conduct research on the Determinants of Child Stunting Incidence. The determinants that will be examined in this study are maternal education, parental income and the provision of complementary feeding. The research method used is quantitative research using an observational analytical research design. The population in this study were all children aged 6-23 months who lived in 3 target health centres, namely the Soriutu, West Dompu and East Dompu Community Health Centre Work Areas as many as 1,837 children. Meanwhile, the sample for this study was 200 respondents using a sampling technique, namely Accidental Sampling. The results of the research that have been carried out are that there is a direct and indirect effect between mother's education (OR= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.15; p= <0.001), parental income (OR= 0.02; 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.08 ; p= <0.001) and complementary feeding (OR= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.16; p= <0.001) on the incidence of stunting in children so there needs to be cooperation and support from parents, families, government and health workers to be able to immediately overcome the stunting problem in Dompu Regency in particular and Indonesia in general.

Keywords: Determinant, Stunting, Child

References

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Batiro,B., Demissie,T.,Halala,Y., Anjulo, A. 2017. Determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 months at Kindo Didaye woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189106. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189106.

Dinas Kominfotik NTB. 2020. NTB Kembangkan 4 Strategi Atasi Stunting. https://www.ntbprov.go.id/post/ntb-kembangkan-4-strategi-atasi-stunting

DinKes Kab.Dompu. 2021. Data Status Gizi Balita 0-59 Bulan Per Puskesmas Kab.Dompu Melalui e-PPGBM Tahun 2021

Dewey KG. 2016. Reducing stunting by improving maternal, infant and young child nutrition in regions such as South Asia: evidence, challenges and opportunities. Matern Child Nutr. 12(Suppl Suppl 1): 27–38. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12282

Eshete H, Abebe Y, Loha E, et al. 2017. Nutritional Status and Effect of Maternal Employment among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Wolayta Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study. Ethiop J Health Sci. Vol 27(2): 155–162.

Lestari W, Samidah I, Diniarti F. 2022. Hubungan Pendapatan Orang tua Dengan Kejadian Stunting Di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Lubuklinggau. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(1), 3273-3279. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/3388

Li C, Zhu N, Zeng L, et al. 2016. Effect of prenatal and postnatal malnutrition on intellectual functioning in early school-aged children in rural western China. Medicine (2016) 95:31(e4161). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ MD.0000000000004161.

Marriot BP, White A, Hadden L, et al. 2011. World Health Organization (WHO) infant and young child feeding indicators: associations with growth measures in 14 lowâ€income countries. Maternal & amp: Child Nutrition Banner. Vol 8(3):354-370. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00380.

Mustamin, Ashar R, Budiawan. 2018. Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal. Media Gizi Pangan, Vol 25, Edisi 1. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/265334-hubungan-tingkat-pendidikan-ibu-dan-pemb-e63d084e.pdf

Peraturan Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat Nomor 86 Tahun 2020. Tentang Aksi Pencegahan dan Percepatan Penurunan Stunting Terintegrasi. https://jdih.ntbprov.go.id/sites/default/files/produk_hukum/Pergub%20No.68%20th%202020%20ttg%20Penurunan%20Stunting%20Terintegrasi.pdf

Rahyuni, M. 2019. Pengaruh Pemberian MP-ASI Dini Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 24-59 Bulan Di Indonesia (Analisis Data IFLS 5). Skripsi. Universitas Sriwijaya. https://repository.unsri.ac.id/2806/3/RAMA_13201_10011181520275_8836630017_01_front_ref.pdf

Saaka M. 2014. Relationship between Mothers’ Nutritional Knowledge in Childcare Practices and the Growth of Children Living in Impoverished Rural Communities. J Health Popul Nutr. Vol 32(2):237-248

Saxton J, Rath S, Nair N, et al. 2016. Handwashing, sanitation and family planning practices are the strongest underlying determinants of child stunting in rural indigenous communities of Jharkhand and Odisha, Eastern India: a crossâ€sectional study. Matern Child Nutr. Vol 12(4): 869-884. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12323

Tariku A, Biks GA, Derso T, et al. 2017. Stunting and its determinant factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Ital J Pediatr. Vol, 43: 112. doi: 10.1186/s13052-017-0433-1

UNICEF. 2013. Improving Child Nutrition The achievable imperative for global progress. New York,United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). https://www.unicef.org/gambia/Improving_Child_Nutrition_the_achievable_imperative_for_global_progress.pdf

Downloads

Published

2022-07-01

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Desember 2022

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Saraswati Haylian Chiani, Bambang Irawan, Windatania Mayasari, Bening Prawita Sari, Zahratul Hayati, Furqanul Hakim

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  4. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.