Inklusivisme dan Multikulturalisme dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Modern: Studi Pondok Pesantren SPMAA Lamongan

Authors

  • Robby Kharisma Universitas Pamulang
  • Abdul Wahid Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i3.3820

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model pendidikan inklusif-multikultural dalam menumbuhkan karakter humanis dan religius para santri di Pondok Pesantren Sumber Pendidikan Mental Agama Allah (SPMAA) Lamongan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dimana Pondok Pesantren SPMAA Lamongan menjadi latar penelitian. Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa model pendidikan inklusif-multikultural di Pondok Pesantren SPMAA Lamongan dilakukan dengan cara menerapkan konsep Tiga Proyek Besar (TPB) pada seluruh santri. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam konsep TPB dapat menumbuhkan rasa kasih sayang, sikap saling menghormati dan kepekaan rasa pada sesama manusia tanpa memandang latar belakang. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan inklusif-multikultural merupakan suatu bentuk upaya dalam membangun cara pandang dan pemahaman, serta kesadaran para santri dalam menyikapi berbagai realitas yang ada di sekitar mereka.

Kata Kunci: Model Pendidikan, Inklusivisme, Multikulturalisme, Lembaga Pendidikan Islam, Konsep TBP

 

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the inclusive-multicultural education model in cultivating the humanist and religious character of the santri at the Islamic Boarding School for the Spiritual Education of Allah's Religion (SPMAA) Lamongan. This research is a qualitative type with a case study approach, where the SPMAA Lamongan Islamic Boarding School is the background of the research. The research findings show that the inclusive-multicultural education model at the SPMAA Lamongan Islamic Boarding School is carried out by applying the concept of the Three Big Projects (TPB) to all students. The values contained in the TPB concept can foster a sense of affection, mutual respect and sensitivity to fellow human beings regardless of background. This study concludes that inclusive-multicultural education is a form of effort in building perspectives and understanding, as well as awareness of the students in responding to the various realities that exist around them.

Keywords: Educational Model, Inclusivism, Multiculturalism, Islamic Educational Institutions, TBP Concept

References

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Achmad, M. (2021). The Construction of Discrimination Against the Shi’a Community in Sampang, Madura: A Religious Structural Violence Perspective. Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, 55(1), 241–262. doi: 10.14421/AJISH.2021.55.1.241-262

Ahmad, N., Thorpe, H., Richards, J., & Marfell, A. (2020). Building cultural diversity in sport: a critical dialogue with Muslim women and sports facilitators. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(4), 637–653. doi: 10.1080/19406940.2020.1827006

Aijaz, I. (2014). Traditional Islamic Exclusivism - A Critique. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 6(2), 185–209. doi: 10.24204/EJPR.V6I2.186

Akrim, A., & Sulasmi, E. (2021). The Inclusive Education: An Islamic Education Perspective. Psychology and Education, 58(4), 791–799.

Annur, C. M. (2022). Ada 2 Miliar Umat Islam di Dunia, Mayoritasnya di Asia. Retrieved August 21, 2022, from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/06/15/ada-2-miliar-umat-islam-di-dunia-mayoritasnya-di-asia

Aydın, M., İra, N., Bingül, B. M., & Bulgan, Ç. (2016). Physical education and sports students’ attitudes towards inclusive education (The sample of Kocaeli University). Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2839–2846.

Bloom, L. (1994). Constructing Whiteness: Popular Science and National Geographic in the Age of Multiculturalism. Configurations, 2(1), 15–32. doi: 10.1353/CON.1994.0002

Bolong, B. (2020). Islam and Local Culture in Timor. Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies, 4(1), 57–83. doi: 10.20885/IJIIS.VOL4.ISS1.ART4

Chia, P. S. (2021). Pancasila and Covenantal Pluralism in Indonesia: A Historical Approach: Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies, 39(2), 91–98. doi: 10.1177/02653788211069971

Cobb, C. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Schwartz, S. J., Frisby, C., & Sanders, G. L. (2020). Rethinking Multiculturalism: Toward a Balanced Approach. The American Journal of Psychology, 133(3), 275–293. doi: 10.5406/AMERJPSYC.133.3.0275

Dawam, A. (2003). Sekolah Menolak Komersialisasi Pendidikan dan Kanibalisme Intelektual Menuju Pendidikan Multikultural. Inspeal Press.

Demerath, P., & Mattheis, A. (2012). Toward Common Ground: The Uses of Educational Anthropology in Multicultural Education. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 14(3). doi: 10.18251/IJME.V14I3.622

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. California: Sage Publication, Inc.

Ekawati, E., Suparta, M., Sirin, K., Maftuhah, M., & Pifianti, A. (2019). Moderation of Higher Education Curriculum in Religious Deradicalization in Indonesia. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 6(2), 169–178. doi: 10.15408/TJEMS.V6I2.14886

Faas, D. (2008). From Foreigner Pedagogy to Intercultural Education: An Analysis of the German Responses to Diversity and its Impact on Schools and Students: European Educational Research Journal, 7(1), 108–123. doi: 10.2304/EERJ.2008.7.1.108

Fatmawati, D. (2021). Islam and Local Wisdom in Indonesia. Journal of Social Science, 2(1), 20–28. doi: 10.46799/JSS.V2I1.82

Fatoni, F., Susanto, I., Pratama, H. O., & Julaihah, S. (2021). Multicultural Inclusive Education in the Deradicalization of Islamic Education in Indonesia. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Tarbiyah, 6(2), 401–408. doi: 10.24042/TADRIS.V6I2.10246

Field, J. (2010). Lifelong education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(1–2), 3–15. doi: 10.1080/09638280010008291

Gümüsay, A. A. (2020). The Potential for Plurality and Prevalence of the Religious Institutional Logic. Business & Society, 59(5), 855–880. doi: 10.1177/0007650317745634

Hakim, D. (2019). Inclusivism and Exclusivism as well as their Effect on Islamic Education based Multicultural. International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM), 1(1), 18–29. doi: 10.47006/IJIERM.V1I1.3

Hermawan, A. (2020). Nilai Moderasi Islam dan Internalisasinya di Sekolah. INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan, 25(1), 31–43. doi: 10.24090/INSANIA.V25I1.3365

Hilmy, M. (2015). The political economy of sunni-shi’ah conflict in Sampang Madura. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 53(1), 27–51. doi: 10.14421/ajis.2015.531.27-51

Howell, N., F. Schulte, B., Twigger Holroyd, A., Fatás Arana, R., Sharma, S., & Eden, G. (2021). Calling for a Plurality of Perspectives on Design Futuring: An Un-Manifesto. Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–10. New York, NY, USA: ACM. doi: 10.1145/3411763.3450364

Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (2002). The Qualitative Researchers Companion. California: Sage Publication, Inc.

Hula, I. R. N., Djafar, F., Damopolii, M., Mariana, A., & Rohman, A. (2021). The Effect of Inter-Religious Tolerance Development on Students in Gorontalo City. Al-Ulum, 21(2), 302–325. doi: 10.30603/AU.V21I2.2380

Idham, N. C. (2021). Javanese Islamic architecture: adoption and adaptation of Javanese and Hindu-Buddhist cultures in Indonesia. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 45(1), 9–18. doi: 10.3846/JAU.2021.13709

Idris, M., Tahir, S. Z. bin, Yusuf, N., Willya, E., Mokodenseho, S., & Yusriadi, Y. (2021). The Implementation of Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Education and Character Subject at State Senior High School 9 Manado. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(6), 1–16.

Idris, M., Willya, E., Wekke, I. S., & Mokodenseho, S. (2020). Peace Resolution in Education and Application on Information and Communication Technologhy. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(6), 3349–3358. Retrieved from http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/14076

Khoiri, M. A., & Chamankhah, L. (2021). Survival Mechanism of The Shia Community Post-Shia–Sunni Sampang Conflict in 2012. Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 4(2), 240–251. doi: 10.31538/ALMADA.V4I2.1248

Kusnandar, V. B. (2022). Sebanyak 86,93% Penduduk Indonesia Beragama Islam pada 31 Desember 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2022, from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/02/12/sebanyak-8693-penduduk-indonesia-beragama-islam-pada-31-desember-2021

Lash, S., & Featherstone, M. (Eds.). (2002). Recognition and difference: Politics, identity, multiculture. London: Sage Publication, Inc.

Latif, M., & Hafid, E. (2021). multicultural attitudes in an Islamic boarding school of South Sulawesi – Indonesia. Cogent Education, 8(1). doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2021.1968736

Ma’arif, A. S. (2009). Islam dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan dan Kemanusiaan. Bandung: Mizan.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (II). Newbury Park, CA.: SAGE Publications Inc.

Modood, T. (2020). Multiculturalism as a New Form of Nationalism? Nations and Nationalism, 26(2), 308–313. doi: 10.1111/NANA.12571

Mokodenseho, S., & Wekke, I. S. (2017). Toleransi Beragama dan Pembelajaran Agama Islam. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Temu Ilmiah Jaringan Peneliti, 67–75. IAI Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi.

Moordiningsih, M., Rahardjo, W., Ruhaena, L., Uyun, Z., & Supartini, N. (2021). Indonesian National Identity Model: The Importance of Religion, Self-Esteem, and Relations between Groups Among Muhammadiyah Students. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 9(2), 150–174.

Netland, H. (1987). Exclusivism, Tolerance, and Truth. Missiology: An International Review, 15(2), 77–95. doi: 10.1177/009182968701500206

Nurhayati, N., Setiyowati, R., & Nurmalisa, Y. (2021). Bhinneka Tunggal Ika As A National Consensus And A Universal Tool of The Indonesian Nation. JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi), 6(2), 254–263. doi: 10.26618/JED.V6I2.5317

Panjwani, A. A. (2020). Perspectives on Inclusive Education: Need for Muslim Children’s Literature. Religions, 11(9), 450. doi: 10.3390/REL11090450

Parkhouse, H., Lu, C. Y., & Massaro, V. R. (2019). Multicultural Education Professional Development: A Review of the Literature: Review of Educational Research, 89(3), 416–458. doi: 10.3102/0034654319840359

Peterson, M. (2020). Micro Aggressions and Connections in the Context of National Multiculturalism: Everyday Geographies of Racialisation and Resistance in Contemporary Scotland. Antipode, 52(5), 1393–1412. doi: 10.1111/anti.12643

Purwani, T., Arvianti, I., & Karyanti, T. (2020). The Model of Harmonization of Multiculturalism Society at Magelang Regency. Proceedings of the Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2019), 349–355. Atlantis Press. doi: 10.2991/ASSEHR.K.200515.062

R’boul, H. (2022). Epistemological plurality in intercultural communication knowledge. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 1–16. doi: 10.1080/17447143.2022.2069784

Rahim, R. (2012). Signifikansi Pendidikan Multikultural Terhadap Kelompok Minoritas. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 12(1), 161–182. doi: 10.24042/AJSK.V12I1.634

Remiswal, R., Kustati, M., Zulmuqim, Z., Ritonga, M., Perrodin, D. D., & Firman, A. J. (2022). Religious Education for Schools Within Conflict-Prone Zones: An Inclusive Multicultural Approach. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 3(3), 412–421. doi: 10.46843/JIECR.V3I3.127

Rohmah, N. S. (2021). Identity Politics and National Integration; A Case Study of the Sunni-Shia Conflict in Sampang, 2012. International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies, 4(1), 96–108. doi: 10.32795/IJIIS.VOL4.ISS1.2021.1076

Sahal, M., Musadad, A. A., & Akhyar, M. (2018). Tolerance in Multicultural Education: A Theoretical Concept. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(4), 115–122. doi: 10.18415/IJMMU.V5I4.212

Schoorman, D., & Bogotch, I. (2010). Moving beyond ‘diversity’ to ‘social justice’: the challenge to reâ€conceptualize multicultural education. Intercultural Education, 21(1), 79–85. doi: 10.1080/14675980903491916

Sholehuddin, M. S., Munjin, M., & Adinugraha, H. H. (2021). Islamic Tradition and Religious Culture in Halal Tourism: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Budaya, 19(1), 79–100. doi: 10.24090/IBDA.V19I1.4470

Siyono, S., Sumardjoko, B., Waston, W., & Prasetyo, A. H. (2022). Integration of Multicultural Values Learning in Boarding Schools. Proceedings of the International Conference on Islamic and Muhammadiyah Studies (ICIMS 2022), 327–336. doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.220708.041

Smith, R. W. (2020). Similative plurality and the nature of alternatives. Semantics and Pragmatics, 13(15). doi: 10.3765/sp.13.15

Thomas, D. R. (2006). A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246. doi: 10.1177/1098214005283748

Toker, Ş. (2021). Subtle Islamization of teacher education: A critical discourse analysis of Turkey’s “inclusive†education initiative for refugee integration. Linguistics and Education, 63, 100923. doi: 10.1016/J.LINGED.2021.100923

Tuijnman, A., & Boström, A. K. (2002). Changing Notions of Lifelong Education and Lifelong Learning. International Review of Education, 48(1), 93–110. doi: 10.1023/A:1015601909731

Tundawala, M. (2007). Empowering the Disabled Through Inclusive Education. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/SSRN.984742

Wekke, I. S., & Mokodenseho, S. (2017). Religious Teaching and Learning in Minority Muslim of Manado Indonesia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Science, and Technology (ICEST 2017), 187–189. Paris, France: Atlantis Press. doi: 10.2991/icest-17.2017.62

Wekke, I. S., & Mokodenseho, S. (2018). Tolerance, Understanding, and Religious Teaching and Learning in Minority Muslim of Manado North Sulawesi. doi: 10.31227/OSF.IO/HJZMC

Wekke, I. S., Mokodenseho, S., & Firdaus, F. (2017). Religious Education and Tolerance: Learning Process in High School of Minority Muslim Indonesia. doi: 10.31227/OSF.IO/KM79D

Wekke, I. S., Mokodenseho, S., & Rahman, A. F. (2018). Values of Religious Tolerance in Islamic Learning Material of Muslim Minority State High School. doi: 10.31227/osf.io/tfbkc

Wibisono, Y. (2013). Konsep Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Perspektif Islam. Al-Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 6(1), 97–112. Retrieved from http://ejournal.iaingawi.ac.id/index.php/almabsut/article/view/61

Widyana, I. K., Darsana, I. M., & I. Gede Arya Juni Arta. (2022). Religious Moderation in the Framework of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2021), 636, 166–169. doi: 10.2991/ASSEHR.K.220108.029

Yusuf, M. Y. (2014). Pendidikan Islam Inklusif-Multikultural dalam Perspektif Teori Gestalt. Ta’allum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 195–214. doi: 10.21274/TAALUM.2014.2.2.195-214

Downloads

Published

2022-08-22

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022): October 2022

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Robby Kharisma, Abdul Wahid

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  4. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.