Perspektif Hukum Perkawinan pada Gelahang di Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i1.5090Abstract
Abstrak
Perkawinan pada gelahang merupakan bentuk perkawinan yang relatif baru dalam masyarakat adat di Bali (desa pakraman). hukum perkawinan juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh hukum keluarga yang masih dikuasai oleh hukum adat. Konsep sekala-niskala merupakan konsepsi yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kehidupan masyarakat Bali yang relegius, yang senantiasa menjaga keharmonisan hubungan antara dunia nyata (sekala) dan dunia gaib (niskala) dalam setiap aspek kehidupannya, termasuk dalam perkawinan. Sistem perkawinan menurut hukum Hindu yang terdapat dalam kitab Manudharmasastra kita bandingkan dengan ’sistem perkawinan yang terdapat pada masyarakat adat di Bali, maka akan kita lihat ada persamaan antara sistem perkawinan menurut hukum Hindu dengan sistem perkawinan yang ada pada masyarakat hukum adat di BaliBentuk perkawinan yang umum dikenal adalah perkawinan biasa (istri meninggalkan rumah dan . masuk dalam keluarga suami) dan perkawinan nyentana (suami meninggalkan rumah dan masuk dalam keluarga istri). Bali telah berubah. Dunia tidak lagi dikuasai sebagian oleh laki-laki tetapi ada bentuk perkawinan dimana kedua mempelai bertindak sebagai purusha (kekuatan patriarki) atau memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang sama di antara mereka. Kajian kualitatif ini menemukan bahwa jumlah pasangan calon pengantin di Bali yang memilih bentuk perkawinan “pada gelahang” (memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang sama), dari tahun ke tahun cenderung meningkat. Latar belakang atau alasan utama dipilihnya bentuk perkawinan adalah untuk melanjutkan regenerasi. Ada tiga prinsip atau sikap hidup yang perlu dipegang dan dihormati agar perkawinan mencapai kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan selama-lamanya (find a forever happiness), yaitu paksa, lasia, dan satya.
Kata Kunci: Perkawinan, “Pada Gelahang”, Bali
Abstract
Marriage in gelahang is a relatively new form of marriage in traditional communities in Bali (pakraman village). Marriage law is also heavily influenced by family law which is still governed by customary law. The concept of sekala-niskala is a conception that cannot be separated from the religious life of the Balinese people, who always maintain a harmonious relationship between the real world (sekala) and the unseen world (niskala) in every aspect of their lives, including in marriage. We compare the marriage system according to Hindu law in the Manudharmasastra book with the 'marriage system found in indigenous peoples in Bali, so we will see that there are similarities between the marriage system according to Hindu law and the marriagei systeim in customary law communitieis in Bali. Common forms of marriagei known arei ordinary marriageis (thei wifei leiaveis thei housei and joins thei husband's family) and nyeintana marriagei (thei husband leiaveis thei housei and einteirs thei wifei's family). Bali has changeid. Thei world is no longeir partially controlleid by mein but theirei is a form of marriagei wheirei thei bridei and groom act as purusha (patriarchal poweir) or have equal rights and obligations between them. This qualitative study found that the number of couples in Bali who choose the form of marriage "on gelangang" (having the same rights and obligations), tends to increase from year to year. The background or main reason for choosing this form of marriage is to continue regeneration. There are three principles or attitudes in life that need to be upheld and respected so that a marriage can achieve prosperity and happiness forever (find a forever happiness), namely force, lasia, and satya.
Keywords: Marriage Pada Gelahang, Bali
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