Analisis Angin Zonal dan Meridional dalam Menentukan Awal Musim Hujan di Seram Bagian Barat Provinsi Maluku
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i2.5842Abstract
Abstrak
Prakiraan awal musim dan curah hujan yang dikeluarkan BMKG sangat penting salah satunya bagi komoditas pertanian. Kriteria untuk penentuan awal musim ini sangat bervariasi, namun selama ini hanya didasarkan pada jumlah curah hujan tanpa mempertimbangkan indikator lain. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh angin zonal dan meridional dalam penentuan awal musim hujan maupun kemarau di wilayah penelitian Seram bagian barat. Selain itu, juga dideskripsikan hubungan curah hujan saat El Nino mengalami penguatan mengingat fenomena ini juga mempengaruhi sistem sirkulasi angin di wilayah penelitian. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data angin zonal dan angin meridional bulanan dari NCEP (National Centre For Environmenttal), akumulasi curah hujan bulanan dari Stasiun Klimatologi Seram bagian barat, dan data ONI NOAA (Oceanic Nino Index NOAA). Dengan metode analisa deskriptif dan statistik dengan melibatkan analisa grafik maka diperoleh bahwa pola curah hujan menunjukkan pola lokal dimana awal musim hujan rata-rata dimulai pada bulan Mei. Analisa angin zonal dapat digunakan dalam menentukan awal musim hujan di Seram Bagian Barat saat tidak ada fenomena global. Hal ini diawali dengan berhembusnya angin zonal timuran dan awal musim kemarau ditandai dengan melemahnya angin zonal timuran yang selanjutnya angin zonal baratan mengalami penguatan. Sedangkan angin merdional dari selatan mengalami penguatan setelah puncak musim hujan terjadi dan melemah setelah puncak musim kemarau terjadi.
Kata Kunci: Awal Musim, Angin Zonal, Angin Meridional, Curah Hujan
Abstract
Forecast of seasonal onset and the rainfall issued by BMKG is very important, one of which is for agricultural commodities. The criteria for determining the start of this season are very varied, but so far only based on the amount of rainfall without considering other indicators. Therefore this study aims to analyze the effect of zonal and meridional winds in determining the start of the rainy and dry seasons in the western part of the Seram research area. In addition, the relationship between rainfall during El Niño has also been strengthened, given the fact that this phenomenon also affects the wind circulation system in the research area. The data used in this study are zonal wind data and monthly meridional winds from NCEP (National Center for Environmenttal), monthly rainfall accumulation from the West Seram Climatology Station, and ONI NOAA (NOAA Oceanic Nino Index) data. With the method of descriptive analysis and statistics involving graph analysis, it is found that rainfall patterns show local patterns where the beginning of the average rainy season begins in May. Zonal wind analysis can be used to determine the start of the rainy season in West Seram when there are no global phenomena. This begins with the blowing of zonal winds and the beginning of the dry season is characterized by a weakening of the zonal winds of the timuran which further strengthens the zonal wind. Whereas the national wind from the south has been strengthened after the peak of the rainy season occurred and weakened after the peak of the dry season occurred.
Keywords: Onset of Season, Zonal Wind, Meridional Wind, Rainfall
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