Penerapan Good Mining Practice (Gmp) Guna Mendukung Net Zero Emission 2060 (Studi Kasus: PT Vale Indonesia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i2.5870Abstract
Abstrak
Pemanasan global saat ini sedang menjadi perhatian bagi seluruh dunia, melalui Perjanjian Paris pada tahun 2015 negara-negara di dunia berkomitmen dalam menjaga suhu rata-rata bumi di bawah 2°C yang kemudian melahirkan program Net Zero Emission atau emisi nol bersih pada tahun 2060. Untuk mendukung program NZE tersebut, Indonesia berkomitmen melalui dokumen Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Dalam NDC Indonesia menyatakan berkomitmen untuk menurunkan emisi GRK pada tahun 2030 sebesar 29% dengan kemampuan sendiri dan 41% dengan dukungan internasional. Beralih ke pemanfaatan energi bersih tidak dapat ditunda dalam merealisasikan program NZE. Penerapan kaidah pertambangan yang baik (good mining practice) diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 26 Tahun 2028 dan Kepmen ESDM No. 1827 k/MEM/2018. Nikel seolah menjadi pusat perhatian karena pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku utama dalam pembuatan baterai. Baterai banyak digunakan sebagai sumber energi pengganti dari bahan bakar fosil. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang mempunyai cadangan nikel terbesar di dunia yaitu 21 juta ton, memiliki antangan besar dalam hal pengolahan nikel, karena jangan sampai keberadaannya yang memiliki sumbangsih dalam mendukung energi bersih namun dihasilkan dari pengolahan yang tidak berkelanjutan dan menimbulkan emisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji strategi penurunan emisi dari industri nikel di PT Vale Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Systematic Literature Review. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dari hasil studi literatur dan berdasarkan informasi yang didapat dari Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa PT. Vale Indonesia berkomitmen untuk memitigasi pemanasan global dengan dua pendekatan yaitu pendekatan teknologi dan pendekatan tambang dan reklamasi. Pendekatan teknologi dilakukan dengan fuel shifting, green power up, equipment electrification dan efficiency improvement. Pendekatan tambang dan reklamasi dilakukan dengan sustainable mining practice, reforestation outside concession area, progressive reclamation of post mined area dan biodiversity program.
Kata Kunci: Energi, Nikel, NZE, PT. Vale Indonesia
Abstract
Global warming is currently a concern for the whole world, through the Paris Agreement in 2015, countries in the world are committed to keeping the earth's average temperature below 2°C which then gave birth to the Net Zero Emissions program or net zero emissions in 2015. 2060. To support the NZE program, Indonesia is committed through a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) document. In the NDC, Indonesia states that it is committed to reducing GHG emissions by 29% by 2030 with its own capabilities and 41% with international support. Switching to the use of clean energy cannot be delayed in realizing the NZE program. Nickel seems to be the center of attention because of its use as the main raw material in making batteries. Batteries are widely used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Indonesia as one of the largest nickel producing countries in the world has a big challenge in terms of processing nickel, because it should not be its presence that has a contribution in supporting clean energy but is produced from processing that is not sustainable and creates emissions. This study aims to examine the strategy for reducing emissions from the nickel industry at PT Vale Indonesia. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review method. The data used in this study were obtained from the results of a literature study and based on information obtained from Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results of this study note that PT. Vale Indonesia is committed to mitigating global warming with two approaches, namely the technological approach and the mining and reclamation approach. The technological approach is carried out by fuel shifting, green power up, equipment electrification and efficiency improvements. Mining and reclamation approaches are carried out using sustainable mining practices, reforestation outside concession areas, progressive reclamation of post mined areas and biodiversity programs.
Keywords: Energy, Nickel, NZE, PT. Vale Indonesia
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