Mengamankan Masa Depan Laut Indonesia: Peran Marine Protected Area (MPA) dalam Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i1.5018Abstract
Abstrak
Marine Protected Area (MPA) memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mengamankan masa depan laut Indonesia di tengah tantangan perubahan iklim. MPA berfungsi sebagai benteng pertahanan bagi keanekaragaman hayati laut dan habitatnya yang rentan terhadap perubahan suhu, peningkatan keasaman, dan perubahan pola arus. Dengan melindungi spesies dan habitat tersebut, MPA membantu menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem laut dan memfasilitasi adaptasi terhadap lingkungan yang terus berubah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, berjenis deskriptif dengan metode studi literature yang dianalisis dan ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MPA juga memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga ketahanan ekosistem dan mengurangi kerentanan terhadap bencana alam yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim. Terumbu karang, padang lamun, dan hutan mangrove yang terlindungi di dalam MPA dapat menjadi benteng alami yang melindungi pantai dari gelombang pasang, badai, dan banjir. Dengan mengelola MPA secara efektif, Indonesia dapat memastikan masa depan laut yang berkelanjutan, menyediakan sumber daya hayati yang berkelanjutan, serta memberikan manfaat ekonomi jangka panjang bagi masyarakat dan negara.
Kata Kunci: Marine Protect Area, Perubahan Iklim,
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) play a crucial role in securing the future of Indonesia's oceans amidst the challenges of climate change. MPAs serve as a defense barrier for vulnerable marine biodiversity and habitats against temperature changes, ocean acidification, and altered currents. By safeguarding these species and habitats, MPAs help maintain the balance of marine ecosystems and facilitate adaptation to the ever-changing environment. This research adopts a qualitative approach, specifically a descriptive study using literature review as the methodology, which is analyzed to draw conclusions. The findings reveal that MPAs also have a significant role in preserving ecosystem resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate-induced natural disasters. Protected coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests within MPAs act as natural barriers that shield coastlines from tidal waves, storms, and floods. By effectively managing MPAs, Indonesia can ensure a sustainable future for its oceans, provide sustainable living resources, and deliver long-term economic benefits to its communities and the nation.
Keywords: Marine Protect Area (MPA), climate change
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anggraeni, D., Handayani, C. N., Daniel, D., Wahyudi, A., Subarno, T., Afandy, Z., Darmawan, D. R. D., Firmansyah, F., & Estradivaria. (2017). Determining zones of nine marine protected area in Sulawesi Tenggara Province. Coastal and Ocean Journal, 1(2), 53-62.
Bennett, N. J., & Dearden, P. (2014). Why local people do not support conservation: Community perceptions of marine protected area livelihood impacts, governance and management in Thailand. Marine Policy, 44, 107-116. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.017
Dahlgren, C., & Tewfik, A. (2015). Benefits of no-take zones for Belize and the wider Caribbean region. In Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (pp. 264-271)
Esfandeh, S., Kaboli, M., & Eslami-Andargoli, L. (2015). A Chronological review on application of MARXAN tool for systematic conservation planning in landscape. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(12), 6-17.
Firmansyah, F., Estradivari., Handayani, C. N., Krueck, N., Mustofa, A., & Daniel, D. (2018). Integrating Larvae Connectivity Model Optimum and Reserve Size on Marine ProtectedArea Design Case Study at Sawai Bay, Central Maluku District. Majalah Ilmiah Globe, 20(2), 107-116. DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.24895/MIG.2018.20-2.835
Halik, A., Verweij, M., & Schlüter, A. (2018). How Marine Protected Areas Are Governed: A Cultural TheoryPerspective. Sustainability, 10(1), 252
Handayani, C.N. et al. (2020). Status and Trends in Indonesia Protected Area Coverage of Marine Ecosystems. In M. o. Fisheries, Management of Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia: Status and Challenges (pp. 61-86). Jakarta: Ministry of Marine and Fisheries and WWF Indonesia Foundation.
Ihsan, I., Wiyono, E. S., Wisudo, S. H., & Haluan, J. (2014b). Season and Patterns of Catching Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) in Pangkep Waters Regency. Marine Fisheries, 5(2), 193-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jmf.5.2.193-200
Ihsan., Eko, S. W., Sugeng, H. W., & John, H. (2014a). A Study of Biological Potential and Sustainability of Swimming Crab Population in the Waters of Pangkep Regency South Sulawesi Province. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 16(1), 351-363.
Ihsan., Kasmawati., Ernaningsih., Asbar., & Asmidar. (2019). Fisheries Management of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) based on Zoning Area in Pangkep Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 253
Ling, S.D. and C.R. Johnson (2012). Marine reserves reduce risk of climate-driven phase shift by reinstating size-and habitat-specific trophic interactions. Ecological Applications 22(4):1,232–1,245
McLeod, E., R. Salm, A. Green and J. Almany (2009). Designing marine protected area networks to address the impacts of climate change. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
NRC (2001). Marine protected areas: tools for sustaining ocean ecosystems. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
OECD (2021). Sustainable Ocean Economy Country Diagnostics of Indonesia.
Rossiter J.S. and A. Levine (2014). What makes a successful marine protected area? The unique context of Hawaii's fish replenishment areas Mar Policy 2014; 44: 196– 203.
Wartini, S. (2020). The Implementation of Establishing Marine Protected Area: Lesson Learned from Raja Ampat to Achieve Sustainable Fishery. Law reform, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 224-242.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Uly Maria Ulfah, Widodo, Budiman Djoko Said, Pujo Widodo, Herlina Juni Risma Saragih, Panji Suwarno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
