Gerakan Separatisme Spanyol Ditinjau dari Hukum Humaniter Internasional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i2.5852Abstract
Abstract
Tulisan ini membahas tentang gerakan separatisme yang terjadi di spanyol ditinjau dari hukum humaniter internasional. Hukum ini merupakan seperangkat aturan yang mengatur tentang hukum konflik bersenjata, konflik bersenjata terbagi menjadi dua: konflik bersenjata internasional dan konflik bersenjata non-internasional. Gerakan separatisme termasuk pada konflik bersenjata non-internasional. Dalam bernegara, faktor ekonomi dan faktor politik menjadi penyebab utama atas munculnya gerakan separatisme bersenjata. Spanyol tidak luput dari gerakan separatisme di mana terdapat dua gerakan separatisme yaitu: kelompok Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) di Basque yang menggunakan cara kekerasan dan Catalonia dengan upaya referendumnya. Gerakan separatisme ini mampu diatasi oleh pemerintah Spanyol baik dengan hard-power atau soft-power dengan memberikan otonomi kepada dua wilayah tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Gerakan Separatisme, Konflik, ETA, Referendum Catalonia, Pemerintah Spanyol
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