Mekanisme Kerja Vaksin mRNA Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh Terhadap Virus SARS-CoV-2

Authors

  • Dona Suzana Universitas Gunadarma
  • Citra Melina Universitas Gunadarma
  • Gresia Adriel Endrasti Universitas Gunadarma
  • Kriselda Evelyin Ninia Universitas Gunadarma
  • Wildah Benigna Qothoni Universitas Gunadarma

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i2.3659

Abstract

Abstrak

Vaksinasi merupakan sebuah proses untuk mencapai Herd Immunity pada masyarakat. Herd Immunity disini adalah kekebalan kelompok atau kekebalan populasi, secara sederhana vaksin merupakan suatu produk kesehatan yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh manusia dalam melawan infeksi virus dan penyakit. Untuk mencapai herd immunity, diperlukan 70% populasi sasaran vaksinasi COVID-19. Penulisan artikel ini berlandaskan metode library research secara kualitatif yaitu mendefinisikan dan menguraikan mengenai mekanisme kerja vaksin mRNA untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh terhadap virus SARS-Cov-2. Vaksin mRNA adalah vaksin dengan jenis baru yang dikembangkan dalam penanganan penyebaran coronavirus. Jenis vaksin ini kandungannya berbeda dengan jenis lainnya. Vaksin mRNA (messenger RNA) ini menghasilkan respons imun seluler dan respon humoral. Respon imun meliputi aktivitas sel T CD8+ sitotoksik yang mampu menghancurkan sel yang terinfeksi SARS—CoV-2, aktivitas sel T CD4+ yang meningkatkan respon sel CD8+ sel T dan sel B, generasi sel T dan B memori yang dapat dengan merespon infeksi SARS-CoV-2 dan aktivitas sel B untuk menghasilkan antibody terhadap SARS-CoV-2.

Kata Kunci: Vaksin, mRNA, Imun, SARS-CoV-2

 Abstract

Vaccination is a process to achieve Herd Immunity in the community. Herd Immunity here is group immunity or population immunity, simply a vaccine is a medical product designed to increase the immunity of the human body against infections and diseases. To achieve herd immunity, 70% of the target population is vaccinated against COVID-19. This article is based on qualitative library research method, including identifying and describing the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines to increase the body`s immunity against SARS-Cov-2. The mRNA vaccine is a new vaccine developed to treat the spread of coronavirus. This vaccine contains a different dose than other vaccines. This mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine induces cellular and humoral immune responses. The immune response includes the activity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells capable of destroying cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, the activity of CD4+ T cells that enhance the response of CD8+ T cells and B cells, generation of memory T and B cells that can respond to SARS-CoV-infection. 2 and B cell activity to produce antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords: Vaccine, mRNA, Immune, SARS-CoV-2.

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