Dinamika Arab Sunni dan Iran Syiah di Era Kontemporer

Authors

  • Arsad Hidayat Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
  • Sabil Mokodenseho Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i3.3927

Abstract

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis latar belakang dan dinamika konflik antara Arab Saudi (Sunni) dan Iran (Syiah) di Timur Tengah. Analisis ini diperlukan untuk melihat keterlibatan kedua negara, Arab Saudi dan Iran dalam mewujudkan ekspansi pengaruh di Timur Tengah dengan menggunakan pendekatan ideologi. Hal tersebut bertujuan sebagai penyeimbang kekuatan Arab Saudi dan Iran di kawasan Timur Tengah. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik Sunni-Syiah dilandasi motif persaingan kekuasaan, bukan motif agama. Konflik dimulai dari suksesi kepemimpinan pasca meninggalnya Nabi Muhammad SAW., pengangkatan Abu Bakar sebagai khalifah dan reaksi Fatimah az-Zahra yang enggan membaiat Abu Bakar sebagai pemimpin umat Islam penerus Nabi Muhammad SAW. Di era kontemporer, Saudi Arabia dan Iran memainkan peran signifikan pada konflik Suriah dan Yaman dalam berbagai cara, seperti pendanaan dan pemberian logistik militer. Pendekatan ideologi tidak pernah lepas dari misi yang dijalankan oleh keduanya.

Kata Kunci: Arab Saudi, Iran, Sunni-Syiah, Timur Tengah

 

Abstract

This article aims to analyse the background and dynamics of the conflict between Saudi Arabia (Sunni) and Iran (Shia) in the Middle East. This analysis is needed to see the involvement of the two countries, Saudi Arabia and Iran in realizing the expansion of influence in the Middle East by using an ideological approach. It aims to balance the power of Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East region. This article shows that the Sunni-Shia conflict is based on a power competition motive, not a religious one. The conflict started from the succession of leadership after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the appointment of Abu Bakr as caliph and the reaction of Fatimah az-Zahra who refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr as the leader of the Muslims who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad. In the contemporary era, Saudi Arabia and Iran play a significant role in the Syria and Yemen conflicts in various ways, such as funding and providing military logistics. The ideological approach has never been separated from the mission carried out by the two countries.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sunni-Shia, Middle East

References

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Published

2022-09-02

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022): October 2022

Section

Articles

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