Implementasi Prinsip Demokrasi dalam Hukum Tata Negara: Tinjauan Terhadap Sistem Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v8i1.6139Abstract
Abstrak
Sejak era reformasi tahun 1998, transformasi politik di Indonesia telah signifikan, mengakhiri kekuasaan otoritarian Orde Baru dan membuka jalan bagi perubahan dalam sistem politik dan tata negara. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Indonesia didasarkan pada kedaulatan rakyat, di mana rakyat dianggap sebagai pemilik kekuasaan tertinggi. Namun, dalam praktiknya, kedaulatan rakyat tidak dapat dilakukan secara murni, sehingga pemilihan umum menjadi mekanisme yang mewakili aspirasi masyarakat dalam menjalankan pemerintahan. Penelitian ini mengulas konsep dasar yuridis demokrasi di Indonesia dan bagaimana prinsip demokrasi diterapkan dalam Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu). Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis peraturan yang mengatur sistem demokrasi dan pemilu di Indonesia, termasuk Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Undang-Undang Pemilu. Penelitian menyoroti pentingnya prinsip-prinsip demokrasi seperti kedaulatan rakyat, persamaan hak, pemilihan umum yang bebas dan rahasia, serta akuntabilitas dan transparansi dalam proses pemilu. Meskipun demikian, tantangan seperti politik uang, politik identitas, dan penyebaran informasi palsu masih menjadi masalah dalam pelaksanaan pemilu. Penelitian ini menyarankan langkah-langkah untuk memperbaiki sistem pemilu guna memastikan bahwa demokrasi dapat berfungsi secara efektif dan menghasilkan hasil yang lebih representatif dari kehendak rakyat.
Kata Kunci: Demokrasi, Konstitusi, Pemilihan Umum
Abstract
Since the reform era in 1998, political transformation in Indonesia has been significant, ending the authoritarian rule of the New Order and paving the way for changes in the political system and state structure. Indonesia's 1945 Constitution is based on popular sovereignty, where the people are considered to be the owners of the highest power. However, in practice, popular sovereignty cannot be exercised purely, so general elections become a mechanism that represents the aspirations of the people in running the government. This research reviews the basic juridical concepts of democracy in Indonesia and how democratic principles are applied in General Elections (Pemilu). Through a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes the regulations governing the democracy and election system in Indonesia, including the 1945 Constitution and the Election Law. Research highlights the importance of democratic principles such as popular sovereignty, equal rights, free and secret elections, and accountability and transparency in the electoral process. However, challenges such as money politics, identity politics, and the spread of false information are still problems in the implementation of elections. This research suggests steps to improve electoral systems to ensure that democracy can function effectively and produce results that are more representative of the will of the people.
Keywords: Democracy, Constitution, General Elections
References
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Copyright (c) 2024 Giovanni Cornelia, Tabitha Roulina Anastasya, Jedyzha Azzariel Priliska, Rasji
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