Copyright Notice
© Copyright remains with the author. Articles published in KARMAWIBHANGGA: Historical Studies Journal are published by the History Education Study Program, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta. The author retains all copyright and publishing rights without restriction, and grants the journal the right of first publication. The work is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license, which permits anyone to copy, distribute, display, and adapt the work, including for commercial purposes, provided they give proper attribution to the author and the journal as the place of first publication, and distribute derivatives under the same license. Authors are encouraged to distribute the published version in their personal/institutional repositories with a citation to the journal issue. Unless otherwise stated, any third-party material in the manuscript is the author's responsibility to obtain permission to use.







